which with SKF and Baosteel 's strategic development vision coincide

SKF and Baosteel senior management meetings held at the Swedish Museum Expo
Interviews with senior management of SKF bearings distributor in China, the Swedish Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo , " SKF Day" series of activities that we find her, 5.18 days , SKF and Baosteel executives Swedish Pavilion at Expo senior management meeting , both sides reviewed and summed up strategic partnership protocol implementation , further strengthen exchanges and cooperation on the exchange of views , and signed a ConRo projects and roller Taper bearing steel casting project cooperation letter of intent.
SKF attended meetings with senior management and Baosteel Group President and CEO of SKF ? Tom Johnstone , SKF President Wanda Group Services Union , SKF Northeast Asia Purchasing Director Yang Wensheng and Baosteel Group Chairman Xu Le Jiang , general manager of Baosteel Assistant Vice President Wang Jianyue and Special Steel Division and other senior leaders Lujiang Fan . Senior management meetings  both sides were represented in ConRo casting roller and tapered bearing steel project cooperation letter of intent was signed.
SKF Bearing Group President and CEO Tom Johnstone, ? the Swedish Pavilion at the World Expo SKF and Baosteel senior management meetings , said: " Shanghai Expo theme " Better City, Better Life ", which with SKF and Baosteel 's strategic development vision coincide. SKF willing to work with together in a wider range of Baosteel , faster , using the power of knowledge engineering to meet the challenge of sustainable development , and continuously improve equipment energy efficiency and reduce the negative impact on the environment and increase efficiency . "

FAG self-aligning ball bearings heat

        FAG self-aligning ball Roller bearing  age: glass fiber reinforced poly amine wash cage, working temperature less than 120 degrees Celsius, the ball guided solid brass cage, while paying attention to oil change intervals.

        FAG self-aligning ball bearings allow speed: can be higher than the reference speed, but less than the limit speed, to consider the environmental impact.

        FAG self-aligning ball bearings heat: 150 degrees Celsius at a temperature not higher than the same time to take into account the work cage material.

        FAG self-aligning ball Taper bearing mounting dimensions: Before installing the adapter sleeve aligning ball bearings, we must consider the size of the support ring.

        FAG self-aligning ball bearing suffix: C3 radial clearance than normal clearance, K Tapered bore, M ball guide machined solid brass cage, .2 RS with both ends closures, TV glass fiber reinforced poly amine wash cage

SKF help S - Oil company to achieve important strategic goals

       Before, SKF Taper bearing distributor in China, SKF introduced the integrated maintenance solutions services. We learned that the Swedish SKF Bearing Group headquarters, SKF integrated maintenance solutions to help South Korea's third-largest oil distillate S - Oil companies to improve productivity and reduce potential production downtime and achieve important strategic objectives.

       SKF was awarded the contract in 2009 with S - Oil companies, the contract goal is to better utilize SKF's enterprise resource planning system (ERP), through improved operation and maintenance practices and Precision bearing process systems, helping S - Oil Companies achieve important strategic objectives.

      SKF's service department general manager, Mr. Vartan Vartanian spoke: "SKF help customers increase their assets so that they become more reliable and efficient productivity. We also help S - Oil company to achieve health, safety and environmental standards (health and safety) of refinery. "

     "SKF has helped S - Oil company to achieve important strategic objectives and have been transferred to a very efficient and professional way in the knowledge that our asset efficiency of operators and maintenance personnel who." S - Oil company's project manager JH Han commented.

       SKF comprehensive service solutions, customers can solve the cause unplanned downtime, lost production, energy consumption and associated costs of most problems. It also includes the establishment of priorities, work planning and scheduling, job performance profiles, and the establishment of key strategic goals.

olling can be divided according to the shape of the rolling element

n the work of bearing rolling friction. Rolling is a high degree of standardization of parts interchangeability, less lubricant consumption, mostly use grease lubrication, easy maintenance, reliable, static friction torque dynamic friction torque approaching, good starting performance at moderate speeds higher carrying capacity . However, high speed, low life sound bigger. Can be divided according to the direction of rolling bearing radial bearings and thrust bearings (see figure). Radial bearings mainly bear radial force, but also can withstand small axial force; thrust bearings can withstand axial force. Radial thrust bearings can support radial and axial forces. Rolling can be divided according to the shape of the rolling element
Rolling
Ball Taper bearing  roller bearings and needle roller bearings. High speed, load is small, requiring high precision rotation should use ball bearings; load is large roller bearings should be selected; loading large radial dimensions should be selected when they restricted needle bearing. Radial bearing rings of the inner and outer ring, inner ring and the shaft sleeve and often with the shaft rotates, the outer ring mounted in the bearing bore. Rolling rolling along the raceway rings, separated by the cage, to avoid friction between. Thrust bearings are divided into a tight circle and live ring in two parts. Tight circle and sleeve tight, live ring bearing in the bearing housing. Rings and rolling body with high strength, good wear resistance bearing steel, surface hardness after quenching should reach HRC60 ~ 65. Cage mostly made of mild steel stamping, and some copper alloy, bakelite cloth or plastic. Basic types listed in the table produced in China basic types of rolling bearings. Various types of rolling bearings is divided into B, C, D, E, G5 a precision. B is the highest accuracy level. G is the general accuracy level, the most common. High speed

On how to interpret the term FAS

 Kunshan Bearing: FAS term in the translation for the port of shipment Alongside Ship (named port of shipment), whose original is Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment). FAS port of shipment, means that the seller of the goods to the port of loading dock boat. Far as the hook of the ship in order to outline the wheel with hooks, hanging onto the ship the goods.
FAS condition at shipment transaction, buyers and sellers the division of costs and risks to boat for the sector, the goods to the side of the boat in front of all the costs and risks (which may include costs and lightering lightering occurs during the risk of loss of the goods. Kunshan bearings, no borne by the seller, when the goods are placed alongside the vessel efficiently, the cost of risk is transferred from the seller to the buyer, so the FAS term requires the buyer for export customs clearance, the buyer can not directly or indirectly export formalities in the case, You should not use this terminology.
FAS term scope, including maritime or inland waterways, according to FAS port of shipment conditions transaction, the seller is responsible only required to deliver the goods alongside the vessel, without the handle export formalities compounds responsibility of the buyer shall bear its own costs and risk, obtain an export license and other official approval documents and clearance of goods for export, but, as the buyer requires the seller to assist in obtaining an export license or other official approval document and do a clearance of exports of goods, however, Taper bearing the seller to the buyer assistance in obtaining an export license or other official approval documents by the expense and risk of the buyer, the seller also help handle Markov, on this issue, in addition to the above general explained above, and consistent with national practice, as some state regulations, seller shall assist in obtaining export licenses, there are individual state regulations, seller shall obtain an export license, in order to clarify responsibilities, when buyers and sellers negotiate the contract, should be noted.

In hot weather

(1) Control KOYO bearing temperatures. For some direct impact on the unit load and secure an important motor bearings, such as the blower motor, a fan motors, fan motors, etc., modify bearing temperature setpoint, the temperature alarm value by the 90 ℃ down to 70 ℃, so that in the event of abnormal temperature rises, there is enough time to take measures to ensure crew safety. In hot weather, commissioning temporary fan, reducing Taper bearing temperature to ensure a sufficient degree of lubricating oil, to improve the lubrication conditions.
     (2) strict process, eliminate center misalignment, motor feet uneven foundation is not solid, rotor imbalance, abnormal loads, such as failure, the role of these failures is reflected in the results of multiple abnormal vibration motor on. Ideal conditions of the motor bearings, in theory, can run more than 100000h, but the actual operating life 10000h pretty good.
     Ligang using only one year of eight vacuum pump, the underlying basis for the steel, non-embedded parts, screws directly through the expansion base fixed on the floor. Run often occur vibration, KOYO bearings over-temperature problem. The foundation reprocessing, reducing the amplitude, the motor bearing life lasted three years.
     (3) Electrical installation, commissioning state motor identification of good work. According to the importance of the motor, commissioning 30 ~ 60min, commissioning should be monitored motor vibration. Motor amplitude and motor center related, based on experience, for center height> 200mm motor idling vibration value ≤ 30μm, running with load ≤ 60μm. For example: LS-315-MP4 motor, 132kW, 250A, idling vibration value 7.8 μm, running with load KOYO bearing life is only a year later after repeated diagnostic tests and found that the vibration due to the motor and the pump based on a shared steel fasteners fatigue caused by loose, re-reinforced base, the motor bearing replacement cycle> 3 years.

China Bearing Technology Industry Park settled Pack River area is the most perfect ending."

Yan Wensheng also revealed that after the completion of the industrial park in addition to creating a world-class research base, the country's largest logistics center bearing technology, will also build a reflection of the history of industrial development Taper bearing thematic museums. "In the future there will be a base for science education, open to the public free of charge."
"China Bearing Technology Industry Park settled Pack River area is the most perfect ending." According to Yan Wensheng introduction, chose to build industrial park in Hefei, in addition to superior location, convenient transportation and wide range of radiation investor attention and efficient service impressive. "Especially in Hefei city industrial park proposed concept is also very fit our growth strategy."
It is understood that China Bearing Technology Industrial Park project will be built in Hefei, near the port, is expected to complete the site work after the Spring Festival next year, plans to use three years to build.Three years later, Hefei will build the largest Roller bearing technology industrial park. December 27 to 28, including the River District in Nanjing, Hangzhou is 26 quality sites and projects "get married", the project, once launched, will be a large number of well-known firms. Among them, some of the items after the initial negotiation is formalized in the recruitment meeting.
Small enough to watch, large aerospace, all industrial projects are inseparable one product - bearing. Future, Hefei will add a "bearing industry are" gold standard. I was informed that Beijing New Merchants Alliance Investment Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the "New Merchants Union") plans to build China Hefei Bearing Technology Industrial Park.
"This will be a unique and the largest in the domestic bearing themed industrial park." New Merchants Union chairman Yan Wensheng told the author, Industrial Park covers an area of ​​about 600 acres, will set research and development, exhibition, trade, warehousing, logistics, etc. multiple formats into one, is expected to introduce more than 300 enterprises, 10 research institutes, the output value 15 billion to 20 billion yuan, profits of 1 billion yuan. After completion of the project will be declared the national Torch Program industrial base.

the product won the domestic and foreign customers trust and praise.

Diameter: 45 (mm), Thickness: 19 (mm), the old model: 111209, Type: self-aligning ball bearings, Weight: 0.49 (kg), rolling out a few: double row, roller type: deep groove raceway, cage and materials: J steel stamping, Model: 1209K, the use of features: Standard speed, bearing material: high temperature bearing steel, brand: small plants, use: generic, sample or spot: spot, diameter: 85 (mm)
, Here is China's leading bearing manufacturing base in recent years, Woori Wuxi City Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. With strong personnel. Technological superiority and excellence in quality faith, continue to grow and develop, the industry has become a rising star, finished in short supply.
Company equipment. Advanced technology and strong technical force. Rely on scientific management and strict quality assurance system for production, specialized Taper bearing new product development and sales, the development of a new generation of logistics bearings, than the older generation products, more durable even more stable cost-effective, widely used in home appliances car motorcycle, ceramics, painting. steels. machinery manufacturing, the product won the domestic and foreign customers trust and praise.
Wuxi City Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. Woori pursued: the customer first. Quality first, credit-oriented. Serviced first.'s Purpose, willing exquisite technology. Excellent equipment and scientific management. Quality products. Reasonable prices to serve domestic and foreign customers.
The factory production of a class of self-aligning ball bearings are up to the national standards, and commitment to quality survival, reputation and development. Quality intentions, customer confidence. G10 Ball unified quality assurance! Inside and outside the annealing rings. Bearings standard size. Allows you to use the lowest price, buy the rest assured quality. Welcome new and old customers to order a class of self-aligning ball bearings

AG cylindrical roller bearings

 FAG bearings distributor in China to welcome you to know FAG cylindrical roller bearings. After a few decades, FAG cylindrical roller bearings are the most by the test of wheel bearings, supports all types of cars and trains as well as all vehicles bearing, in order to meet modern vehicles bearing the efficiency of the Schaeffler Group FAG cylindrical roller bearings This one has made a step forward in the development and optimization.
       FAG cylindrical roller bearings than its other bearings have a greater advantage, is particularly vulnerable to split, so we installed or removed in the process easier. This helps to improve the efficiency of our work. FAG cylindrical roller Taper bearing particularly suitable to support high radial loads. FAG Bearings FAG cylindrical roller bearings sample main purposes: medium-sized motors, locomotives, machine tool spindle, internal combustion engines, generators, gas turbines, gear boxes, rolling mill, vibrating screen and lifting and transport machinery! Its primary segment row cylindrical roller bearings and double row cylindrical roller bearings.
        FAG Chinese distributor direct sales regions: Hunan FAG bearings regions, Inner Mongolia region FAG bearings, FAG bearings Wuhan area in Sichuan region FAG bearings, Harbin FAG bearings regions, Zhejiang FAG Bearings region as well as Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Heilongjiang , Xinjiang, Jilin, Fujian and Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Hebei, Shandong and other industrial cities and regions. You are welcome to consult FAG bearings price.
       Here FAG cylindrical roller bearings are its structural characteristics and main uses.
       FAG single row cylindrical roller bearings
        FAG single row cylindrical roller backing bearings Features: Single row cylindrical roller bearings are separable bearings, easy installation and removal, two rings are a tight fit, the modified roller and raceway contact line between the reduced stress concentration. NJ, NU, etc. at the beginning of
        FAG single row cylindrical roller bearings basic types: their wall to divide the different forms: NU type bearing outer ring has two ribs, no inner wall; N-type bearing inner ring has two ribs, no outer ribs. NU and N-type cylindrical roller bearings for the floating terminal. NJ type cylindrical roller bearing outer ring has two ribs, inner ring ribs how to withstand axial forces in one direction; NUP type cylindrical roller bearings for the fixed end, can withstand axial forces in both directions, it There are two outer wall, inner wall has a fixed and a movable wall. A NJ bearings and an angle to form a similar ring NUP HJ fixed end bearings.
        FAG single row cylindrical roller bearings pair: When a negative ratio P / C is less than 0.2, the maximum deflection angle of 4 °
        FAG single row cylindrical roller bearing cage: Most 2E 22E 3E 23E series cylindrical roller bearing is made of glass fiber reinforced poly-amine wash cage (TVP2). Default sheet steel cage, the suffix M and M1 said roller guided machined solid brass cage.
        FAG single row cylindrical roller bearings allow axial load: affected by the following factors: the speed of radial load bearing lubrication conditions Operating temperature thermal conditions are governed by the mounting position of axial load Cylindrical roller bearing lubrication: Only by reverse load cylinder roller bearings with grease to axial load carrying and maximum temperature limits of life by the load factor and wall strength decision
       FAG single row cylindrical roller suffix: E: Enhanced MMI: roller guide machined solid brass cage. TVP2: Glass fiber reinforced polymer cage wash amine X * changes according to the internal structure of the standard
       FAG double row cylindrical roller bearings
       FAG double row cylindrical roller bearings Features: Double-row cylindrical roller bearings are swimming bearings, the separability makes installation and removal is very convenient, two rings are a tight fit. NN beginning tapered bore NN30 series is mainly used for machine tool spindle radial support.
       FAG double row cylindrical roller bearings basic types: configured for NN30ASK.M.SP double row cylindrical roller bearings radial stiffness, high load capacity with high accuracy. Axial load usually consists of 2344 series angular contact thrust bearing. NN model has three inner wall, the outer ring without ribs, ASK represents the outer ring has a lubrication groove and lubrication holes a few with radial clearance to allow optimum value cone.
       FAG double row cylindrical roller bearing cage: NN30ASK type double row cylindrical roller bearings consist of two rolling element guide machined solid brass cage (M) oil tank, oil wells: double row cylindrical roller bearing outer ring a lubrication groove and three lubrication holes (suffix S), to simplify the lubrication.
       FAG double row cylindrical roller bearings suffix: A: Internal structural changes K: tapered bore, taper 1:12 S: outer ring has a lubrication groove and three lubrication holes M: Roller guided solid brass cage SP: Tolerance class SP level, bearing clearance CINA.

Investment rating and valuation: give an "overweight"

Investment rating and valuation: give an "overweight" rating. We expect the company's net profit attributable to parent company 2013-2015 was 048 million, 068 million and 087 million yuan in the next three years, net profit compound annual growth rate of 31%, 2013 - 2015 corresponding to EPS of 0.55 yuan, 0.78 yuan and 1.00 yuan. Long dimension, the company is the domestic auto parts quality targets under the import substitution; short-term horizons, because the old and new products quickly bang, the next few years will significantly enhance the growth performance, we give overweight rating. OAP products into the harvest period. OAP product performance received OEMs favor, the future will continue to enhance penetration, our estimates 2015 global market size of nearly 10 billion OAP. Prior to the OEM market OAP INA and Leiden, as almost monopoly of foreign manufacturers, the company had eight years of research into the accumulation, OAP products already have the ability to supply large quantities of the next three years will enter the fast delivery stage; we expect 2013-2015 South bearing OAP were achieved sales 400,000, 1,000,000, 1,800,000 units, bringing revenues were 028 million, 070 million, 126 million yuan. Alternative to enhance the high-end needle Taper bearing double room for growth, gradual application of hybrid expansion needle bearing market. We believe that needle roller bearings with light weight, small size and other characteristics of domestic consumption in the future upgrades and energy saving in the background, will continue to enhance its penetration; hand localization rate of needle roller bearings are also steadily , but still lagged behind the overall industry, the future still import substitution space; addition, energy progressively more stringent environmental requirements in the context of hybrid passenger cars is expected to accelerate the start-stop system applications, the core components of the enhanced starter motor applications will increase substantially corresponds to a single motor needle bearing demand will be doubled. New customers and new areas of support the company's continued growth in sales of traditional needle roller bearings. With Denso, Remy and other pioneering new customers as well as ABS, throttle and other applications to further expand, we expect the company's sales 2013-2015 needle bearings will achieve 084 million units, 1.05 million units, 1.25 million units, compared corresponding income was 180 million yuan, 225 million yuan and 268 million yuan.

With the advances in smelting technology

 such as vacuum smelting technology, which will enable the intrinsic quality of steel greatly reforms, especially oxygen content in steel and the formation of non-metallic inclusions have significantly reduced. With this high-carbon chromium bearing steel bearings, the fatigue life can grow exponentially.
According to a large experimental comparative data show that different methods to obtain smelting GCr15, GCr15SiMn, ZGCr15, ZGCr15SiMn bearing steel bearings.
(2) carburizing bearing steel
Carburizing Taper bearingsteel manufacturing rings and rolling elements, its hardness is: rings and rolling elements of HRc60 ~ 64, generally applicable, and the operating temperature range of -40 to 140 degrees Celsius, the oil and greased properly, can greater shock and vibration conditions, such as locomotives and rolling mill bearings, etc., but the steel heat treatment process is more complex.
   (3) heat-resistant bearing steel
 Bearing heat-resistant steel rolling the ferrule body, the hardness: ring and the roller is HRc60 ~ 64, the ball is HRc61 ~ 65, in the case of the normal lubrication is applicable to the temperature of 120 to 250 degrees Celsius, such as aircraft engines, gas turbines and other spindle working conditions.
(4) corrosion-resistant bearing steel
Corrosion resistant bearing steel rings and rolling elements, its hardness is: rings and rolling elements should not be less than HRc58, suitable for water, nitric acid, chemical reagents and other corrosive media, the temperature is -253 to 350 degrees Celsius.

RSTO and STO-bearing rollers

DF-Series RSTO type roller Taper bearing without inner ring, roller bearing can be directly used as a raceway shaft quenching operation. STO-belt inner ring, with its inner and outer rings and needle roller cage assembly can be installed separately. As RSTO and STO-bearing roller ring without ribs and the end, the installation must have axial guidance, its guiding surface is at least precision lathe.

skf bearing information of the 12th China International Bearing Industry

Exhibition Opening
   The 12th China International Taper bearing Industry Exhibition on September 21, 2010 at the Shanghai Everbright Convention & Exhibition Center was held, domestic bearing industry elite and hosting industry, research institutes, experts and scholars attended the exhibition, Schaeffler Group Greater China president, Mr. Gou Jianhui, NTN Corporation president and Representative Director, Mr. Yasunobu Suzuki, TMB general Manager Mr. Ma Xingfa, general manager of Mr. Lu Tianmin Youbisheng et al conducted a ribbon-cutting opening ceremony

Limited has been a "blood donation advanced collective" title

1.  2010-2011, in support of all sectors of society, Cixi blood donation has made remarkable achievements, the emergence of a number of exemplary implementation of "Blood Donation Law" advanced collectives and advanced workers.

To consolidate the achievements, encourage the advanced, Cixi Municipal People's Government recently on the work of voluntary blood donation in 2010-2011 to make outstanding achievements Fuda Bearing Group Co., Ltd., 70 advanced collectives, Zheng Shi-month wait 85 advanced workers, Cixi City People hospitals and other three home blood management units to be informed of recognition.
   It is reported that the bearing was established in 1996, mainly produces deep groove ball bearings, spherical Roller bearing  spherical roller Taper bearing and tapered roller bearings. With economic development, the company in the production of building, market development, environmental protection, social welfare and other undertakings have made ​​great achievements.

Manufacturing Co., Ltd. in 2012 exports $ 240,000

Taper bearing 2012, in the hill county government and higher authorities under the correct leadership, thoroughly implement the scientific concept of development, closely around the development of county economy the main line, continue to forge ahead, the annual county completed a total import and export of 52.41 million U.S. dollars, Of which: exports $ 48,690,000, an increase of 88.14%, imports $ 3,720,000, an increase of 261.17%. 2012, located in Hill County Comprehensive Economic Development Zone of Anqing Lida Automobile Bearing Manufacturing Co., Ltd. exports $ 240,000.

Bearing Enterprise: actively explore the domestic market, single risk reduction

  This year, the face of complex domestic and international economic situation is grim, Cixi enterprise's total exports to maintain steady growth. However, in the published transcript of the first half of exports, one of the city's four traditional pillar industries Roller bearing sluggish performance. According to Ningbo Customs statistics, in the first half, the city's exports of bearings $ 230 million, down 4.7% over last year.
   Long gallop international markets Fuda Bearing Group Co., earlier this year, the new plant in Hangzhou Bay New Area as an opportunity to officially put into operation, is positioned as the domestic OEMs end customers with design, research, development and other ancillary services, officially launched the development of the domestic market strategy. "The domestic terminal supporting customers do require a longer period of 2-3 years is expected to take a significant effect, the use of cuts this year, Taper bearing period, we focus on developing the domestic market, and strive to achieve within three years and 50% of the domestic market of the rational distribution of . "Fuda bearing Group Co., assistant general manager Zhang Jian recently in an interview that the company has long focused build corporate brands," F & D "own-brand sales accounted for about 70% of total sales companies, and are subject to increasingly the more customer recognition and affirmation. This is exactly what the company explore the domestic market, a huge capital.
"Twelve Five" period, the effect of national macroeconomic policies have become more obvious. Development of national economy will boost infrastructure investment, thereby promoting metallurgy, electric power, construction machinery, building materials, energy and other industries, while the national introduction of "industrial restructuring and upgrading plan (2011-2015)" and so on, for the automotive, aerospace , machine tools, wind power and other industries to provide policy support to these sectors of the bearing demand will be gradually expanded. Like Fuda Bearing Group Co., Ltd., as in foreign trade slowed down, under the influence of domestic demand, and now, many bearing Cixi companies are actively seeking change in transition, structural adjustment, increase strength, complete varieties, excellent quality, the advantages price as a weapon, have vied for the domestic market in order to enhance the overall ability to resist risks.

Carbon bearing steel structural improvements and performance improvements

With China's equipment manufacturing industry to develop high-quality and high precision, for the manufacture of ball bearings,Taper bearing and other steel sleeve is gaining attention. Along with the bearing industry sustained and rapid development, bearing steel market prospects. And, precision bearings and other basic mechanical casting industry has become a national "Twelve Five" period focus on the development of the industry. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify research on bearing steel, bearing steel to improve the quality.
        Recently, Russian scholars GSVodovozova and PAZhdanov et al studied the carbon bearing steel structure and mechanical properties, and through experiments with ShKh15 class bearing steel were compared and analyzed in hardness, homogeneity and grain size The conclusions of the actual production of carbon bearing steel provides a theoretical basis.
        Inhomogeneity into a "bottleneck"
        In general, the performance requirements of bearing steel is a high hardness, good flexibility and fatigue resistance properties, especially anti-contact fatigue failure resistance. For carbon steel, when the carbon content of 0.95% to 1.15% of the meet these requirements; while the carbon content is 0.10% to 0.20% of the carbon bearing steel is often necessary for carbonitriding process to meet the above requirements. Bearing steel anti-contact fatigue failure of performance, depending on the non-metallic inclusions in steel coarse particles accumulate, the heterogeneity carbide crystal size differences and other factors. The combined effect of these defects causing the bearing steel in the course of micro-stress concentration and premature embrittlement (peel, cut formation and cracking, etc.).
Widely used class of bearing steel ShKh15 displayed obvious drawback is that the structure is not homogeneous due. It is through the chemical composition analysis of a feature, i.e. carbon content (0.95% to 1.10%), due to the heterogeneity of carbon and carbide segregation resulting development. In order to avoid this situation is not homogeneous occurrence or improvement of this situation, by increasing the length of time necessary for the homogenization annealing.
By adding suitable alloying elements can be achieved using low carbon content steel required hardness level. As we all know, as bearing steel, you can use low-carbon and medium carbon chromium - nickel, chromium - manganese and chromium - silicon - manganese steel. These steels are no carbon eutectoid steel main drawback --- carbides not homogeneous.
        Taking into account the above factors, need to be developed to provide energy savings and prolong bearing life bearing steel production technology.
        Fine and uniform microstructure
        Recent research is innovative steel bearing steel, able to meet the more dense sheet components, and applications more economical material to improve quality, reduce production cycle and ShKh15 steel and has the same or better performance. Kawasaki Steel Corporation (Japan) and NTN (Japan) steel company has developed and put into a class of carbon bearing steel. Such carbon bearing steel, the carbon content is reduced to 0.75% ~ 0.80%, so that the steel in the casting stage to the eutectic composition in addition to the formation of carbides, and without using the diffusion annealing. In addition, to reduce the carbon content in the case of steel, technology is more conducive to punching and shearing.
In order to assess the chemical composition of the steel, microstructure and mechanical properties, Russian scholars under laboratory conditions for ordinary steel and bearing steel ShKh15 carbon bearing steel fracture resistance were different heats rolling experiments and other tests .
        Gas analysis showed that only the first 2 heats up the oxygen content of steel is found, but the overall oxygen content within the allowable range, the other heats the oxygen content of the steel in accordance with the technical standards GOST901 (no more than 0.0015%). Organization for the study of macro-and microstructure, from the experimental heats in selected specimens for microscopic observation. While preparing a diameter of 5 mm cylindrical tensile test specimen (according GOST1497-84); prepared with a V-shaped groove (under GOST9454 II) 10 mm × 10 × 55 mm specimen 毫米 for static bending test; take fatigue cracking crack maximum depth of 2 mm specimen fracture toughness test (according GOST9454 second category).
        The ultimate carbon bearing steel heat treatment using generally accepted ShKh15 class bearing steel specification: at 840 ℃ ~ 845 ℃ heat-curing, soaking 35 minutes to 40 minutes after the M2M-16 oil cooling, oil temperature at 30 ℃ ~ 60 ℃ , followed by tempering at 155 ℃ for 3.5 hours. According GOST9013 (61.5HRC ~ 62.5HRC), the final hardness after tempering of 62HRC. Hot-rolled low magnification by the state does not exist free ferrite pearlite sandwich structure, grain size of not less than seven (according GOST5639), no coarse carbide precipitation, low magnification even small, in favor of steel Further Finishing.
        To provide good cutting and preparation before hardening steel requires an intermediate heat treatment, ie 800 ℃ ~ 690 ℃ under Spheroidizing 17 hours, in the annealed condition, globular pearlite grain level 2, steel experimental heats low magnification meet GOST801 technical specifications. Longitudinal assessment of microscopic cross section microstructure banded structure. Hardened steel specimens from 850 ℃, and then cooled at 150 ℃ tempered for 1 hour, the microstructure of steel strip experimental structure is not more than 1 ~ 2, the values ​​for the hot-rolled GOST801 fully meet the technical specifications ShKh15 requirements. The same test sample used to evaluate the residual carbide steel network, confirm no more than 3, more uniform structure of the tested steel. Therefore, taking into carbide segregation index and the structure is not homogeneous, experimental steel meets all the technical specifications and standards significantly more than ShKh15 class bearing steel.
        Good mechanical properties
Evaluation of non-metallic inclusions and the experimental sample selection GOST1778-80 was prepared according to. Non-metallic inclusions are mainly carbides and oxides, there is almost no spherical inclusions ductility single mixed silicates, showing the size of 1.5, exists in the second second steel inside the furnace, and the oxide inclusions contaminated scrap. In hot conditions, laboratory heats of steel used carbonitriding process for micro-alloyed hardness of 35HRC ~ 38HRC. To achieve globular pearlite annealing using laboratory heats carbonitriding steel alloyed with a hardness of 195HB ~ 217HB, its value is slightly higher than the GOST801 technical specifications hardness 179HB ~ 207HB. In the new hardened state, the experimental steel hardness 65HRC ~ 67HRC.
        Tempering the quenched steel hardness of display, the experimental heats of steel at 160 ℃ tempering temperature did not decrease hardness of hardened steel, i.e. the level of 65HRC.
The hardened and tempered state mild steel mechanical experimental results showed that all cases are due to brittle fracture caused by the mechanism, breaking strength and yield stress values ​​are almost equal, they are 624 ~ 920N/mm2, elongation, and relevant area is reduced to near zero. Fracture toughness test sample size of 10 mm × 10 毫米 55 mm, and for centralized bending, sharp cut to open the sample advance and fatigue cracks. In the hardening and 150 ℃ ~ 180 ℃ tempering, the right use of V and Nb micro-alloyed specimens in the experiment. Status and data from the tissue showed that the experimental fracture toughness of steel (carbon bearing steel) and are similar ShKh15 steel, tempering temperature rise from 150 ℃ 180 ℃ without reducing the fracture toughness of steel.
        Through the experiment of steel chemical composition, microstructure and macroscopic tissue analysis, hardness, mechanical properties and fracture resistance of a comprehensive study concluded that a new experimental heats level of mechanical properties of bearing steel and bearing steel ShKh15 class rather, 64HRC ~ 65HRC hardness level than GOST801 technical specifications, experimental heats of steel and bearing steel ShKh15 class fracture toughness values ​​are similar. The use of V and Nb microalloyed steel bearing GOST801 technical specifications to meet the requirements of the experimental steel is more pure. Meanwhile, the low magnification carbide is not homogeneous low, there is no residual carbon grid. Therefore, the new micro-alloyed carbon bearing steel bearing steel has more class than ShKh15 good performance.

With China's equipment manufacturing industry to develop high-quality and high precision, for the manufacture of ball bearings, roller bearings and other steel sleeve is gaining attention. Along with the bearing industry sustained and rapid development, bearing steel market prospects. And, precision bearings and other basic mechanical casting industry has become a national "Twelve Five" period focus on the development of the industry. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify research on bearing steel, bearing steel to improve the quality.
        Recently, Russian scholars GSVodovozova and PAZhdanov et al studied the carbon bearing steel structure and mechanical properties, and through experiments with ShKh15 class bearing steel were compared and analyzed in hardness, homogeneity and grain size The conclusions of the actual production of carbon bearing steel provides a theoretical basis.
        Inhomogeneity into a "bottleneck"
        In general, the performance requirements of bearing steel is a high hardness, good flexibility and fatigue resistance properties, especially anti-contact fatigue failure resistance. For carbon steel, when the carbon content of 0.95% to 1.15% of the meet these requirements; while the carbon content is 0.10% to 0.20% of the carbon bearing steel is often necessary for carbonitriding process to meet the above requirements. Bearing steel anti-contact fatigue failure of performance, depending on the non-metallic inclusions in steel coarse particles accumulate, the heterogeneity carbide crystal size differences and other factors. The combined effect of these defects causing the bearing steel in the course of micro-stress concentration and premature embrittlement (peel, cut formation and cracking, etc.).
Widely used class of bearing steel ShKh15 displayed obvious drawback is that the structure is not homogeneous due. It is through the chemical composition analysis of a feature, i.e. carbon content (0.95% to 1.10%), due to the heterogeneity of carbon and carbide segregation resulting development. In order to avoid this situation is not homogeneous occurrence or improvement of this situation, by increasing the length of time necessary for the homogenization annealing.
By adding suitable alloying elements can be achieved using low carbon content steel required hardness level. As we all know, as bearing steel, you can use low-carbon and medium carbon chromium - nickel, chromium - manganese and chromium - silicon - manganese steel. These steels are no carbon eutectoid steel main drawback --- carbides not homogeneous.
        Taking into account the above factors, need to be developed to provide energy savings and prolong bearing life bearing steel production technology.
        Fine and uniform microstructure
        Recent research is innovative steel bearing steel, able to meet the more dense sheet components, and applications more economical material to improve quality, reduce production cycle and ShKh15 steel and has the same or better performance. Kawasaki Steel Corporation (Japan) and NTN (Japan) steel company has developed and put into a class of carbon bearing steel. Such carbon bearing steel, the carbon content is reduced to 0.75% ~ 0.80%, so that the steel in the casting stage to the eutectic composition in addition to the formation of carbides, and without using the diffusion annealing. In addition, to reduce the carbon content in the case of steel, technology is more conducive to punching and shearing.
In order to assess the chemical composition of the steel, microstructure and mechanical properties, Russian scholars under laboratory conditions for ordinary steel and bearing steel ShKh15 carbon bearing steel fracture resistance were different heats rolling experiments and other tests .
        Gas analysis showed that only the first 2 heats up the oxygen content of steel is found, but the overall oxygen content within the allowable range, the other heats the oxygen content of the steel in accordance with the technical standards GOST901 (no more than 0.0015%). Organization for the study of macro-and microstructure, from the experimental heats in selected specimens for microscopic observation. While preparing a diameter of 5 mm cylindrical tensile test specimen (according GOST1497-84); prepared with a V-shaped groove (under GOST9454 II) 10 mm × 10 × 55 mm specimen 毫米 for static bending test; take fatigue cracking crack maximum depth of 2 mm specimen fracture toughness test (according GOST9454 second category).
        The ultimate carbon bearing steel heat treatment using generally accepted ShKh15 class bearing steel specification: at 840 ℃ ~ 845 ℃ heat-curing, soaking 35 minutes to 40 minutes after the M2M-16 oil cooling, oil temperature at 30 ℃ ~ 60 ℃ , followed by tempering at 155 ℃ for 3.5 hours. According GOST9013 (61.5HRC ~ 62.5HRC), the final hardness after tempering of 62HRC. Hot-rolled low magnification by the state does not exist free ferrite pearlite sandwich structure, grain size of not less than seven (according GOST5639), no coarse carbide precipitation, low magnification even small, in favor of steel Further Finishing.
        To provide good cutting and preparation before hardening steel requires an intermediate heat treatment, ie 800 ℃ ~ 690 ℃ under Spheroidizing 17 hours, in the annealed condition, globular pearlite grain level 2, steel experimental heats low magnification meet GOST801 technical specifications. Longitudinal assessment of microscopic cross section microstructure banded structure. Hardened steel specimens from 850 ℃, and then cooled at 150 ℃ tempered for 1 hour, the microstructure of steel strip experimental structure is not more than 1 ~ 2, the values ​​for the hot-rolled GOST801 fully meet the technical specifications ShKh15 requirements. The same test sample used to evaluate the residual carbide steel network, confirm no more than 3, more uniform structure of the tested steel. Therefore, taking into carbide segregation index and the structure is not homogeneous, experimental steel meets all the technical specifications and standards significantly more than ShKh15 class bearing steel.
        Good mechanical properties
Evaluation of non-metallic inclusions and the experimental sample selection GOST1778-80 was prepared according to. Non-metallic inclusions are mainly carbides and oxides, there is almost no spherical inclusions ductility single mixed silicates, showing the size of 1.5, exists in the second second steel inside the furnace, and the oxide inclusions contaminated scrap. In hot conditions, laboratory heats of steel used carbonitriding process for micro-alloyed hardness of 35HRC ~ 38HRC. To achieve globular pearlite annealing using laboratory heats carbonitriding steel alloyed with a hardness of 195HB ~ 217HB, its value is slightly higher than the GOST801 technical specifications hardness 179HB ~ 207HB. In the new hardened state, the experimental steel hardness 65HRC ~ 67HRC.
        Tempering the quenched steel hardness of display, the experimental heats of steel at 160 ℃ tempering temperature did not decrease hardness of hardened steel, i.e. the level of 65HRC.
The hardened and tempered state mild steel mechanical experimental results showed that all cases are due to brittle fracture caused by the mechanism, breaking strength and yield stress values ​​are almost equal, they are 624 ~ 920N/mm2, elongation, and relevant area is reduced to near zero. Fracture toughness test sample size of 10 mm × 10 毫米 55 mm, and for centralized bending, sharp cut to open the sample advance and fatigue cracks. In the hardening and 150 ℃ ~ 180 ℃ tempering, the right use of V and Nb micro-alloyed specimens in the experiment. Status and data from the tissue showed that the experimental fracture toughness of steel (carbon bearing steel) and are similar ShKh15 steel, tempering temperature rise from 150 ℃ 180 ℃ without reducing the fracture toughness of steel.
        Through the experiment of steel chemical composition, microstructure and macroscopic tissue analysis, hardness, mechanical properties and fracture resistance of a comprehensive study concluded that a new experimental heats level of mechanical properties of bearing steel and bearing steel ShKh15 class rather, 64HRC ~ 65HRC hardness level than GOST801 technical specifications, experimental heats of steel and bearing steel ShKh15 class fracture toughness values ​​are similar. The use of V and Nb microalloyed steel bearing GOST801 technical specifications to meet the requirements of the experimental steel is more pure. Meanwhile, the low magnification carbide is not homogeneous low, there is no residual carbon grid. Therefore, the new micro-alloyed carbon Roller bearing steel tapered bearing steel has more class than ShKh15 good performance.

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